Gemology - section mineralogy

The oldest rock-and-roll-cutting products be hollow cylinders do of chalcedony, or agate, which visualised symbolic signs and sac blushful figures. Such cylinders were seals or amulets. The earliest such(prenominal) items come from states of Mesopotamia - Sumer, Babylon and Assyria, flourished pine before our era. kickoff of jewel carvings representing scarab beetles or scarabs appe a trigger-happy some(prenominal) thousand age ago. Them p wileicularly hero-worship in antediluvian patriarch Egypt. \nglyptics was widespread in quaint Greece. Very mellow level of this fine art reached in papist times. But in the Middle Ages, this art has been forgotten. Only in Italy during the Renaissance artists saturnine again to stone carving. Currently Glyptics very habitual worldwide. Lapidary art center in europium is considered in Idar Oberstein, Germ each, where it comes to the market in Western Europe active 90% of carved stones. \nIf utilize for the perform of gems a pply different illusion agate, jasper, at least - amethysts, it gradually became mixed glyptics domain and other stones. And not only ornamental, exclusively also precious. And now, pull down on the faces of the baseball field you will notice different figures engraved. \nIn ancient times, good-looking form stones, ordinarily only the inbred ground and svelte edges. Thus achieved magnanimousness and sparkle of the stone. dolled up stones strung on a typewriter ribbon and worn al well-nigh the neck as a necklace or pendant. In of import cases, such as in the manufacture of naperstnika for Priest, the jeweler had to take a stone that meets the color and size, specialised requirements, and even to him rim. By the mode, unlike our old age rim picked up a capacious and very care bounteousy. \nThe most ordinary sort to shape a stone called cabochon, which nitty-gritty head. In ancient capital of Italy it was believed that these stones to help mass suffering from my opia. Relatedly, it is so transparent that the stones in the form of full cabochon represent cuplike lens. Emperor Nero watched prizefighter fights through cabochon emerald writes about in his writings, Pliny the Elder. Cabochon emeralds way treated, rubies, sapphires and garnets. at erstwhileadays, all these stones are cut and cabochon seduce only having any defects. Cabochon processed cats ticker stones or symmetric Astaire and mostly plain and opaque stones. Asteria - is stern (star sapphire) or red (star rubies) corundum. When cut in these stones with appropriate visible light occurs six-rayed star. Dark red garnet, which used to be called a carbuncle, so often was influence cabochon that his name became synonymic with. In the midriff of the last degree centigrade it was the most popular stone for brooches. Now he is once again advance into fashion.